Gingival hyperplasia is the condition where the gums enlarge or increase in size due to an increase in the number of cells hyperplasia. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival inflammation. It is an increase in the size of the gingival tissues and thus the term overgrowth is many times used in place of the term hyperplasia. Devices which apply pressure to the gum area, preventing or inhibiting growth are sometimes used they look like night guards are sometimes used to push back the soft gum tissue and prevent it from overgrowing the teeth. December 15, 2006 email to a colleague synonyms and related keywords. However, if the original cause is not changed, gingival hyperplasia will return and the treatment cycle will repeat. Gingival enlargement is one of the frequent features of gingival diseases. Idiopathic gingival hyperplasia and orthodontic treatment. Crowns of teeth are often partially or completely covered by the hyperplastic gingiva forming a potential space or pocket between the gingiva and the crown where plaque is able to accumulate. Mar 26, 2019 several causes of gingival hyperplasia are known, and the most recognized is druginduced gingival enlargement.
Gingival hyperplasia is a medical condition in which the gums increase in size. Pdf idiopathic gingival hyperplasia and orthodontic. Gingival hyperplasia is an enlargement or overgrowth of the gum tissue, also known as the gingiva, around the necks of the teeth. Sep 16, 2015 idiopathic gingival enlargement is also referred to as congenital familial fibromatosis, gingivomatosis, idiopathic fibromatosis, elephantiasis and hereditary gingival hyperplasia. This leads to inflammation and periodontal disease. Ask patients to show you how they brush, and follow up with specific recommendations on brushing methods or toothbrush adaptations. Gingival hyperplasia for a problem that is so common, there is really not very much in the veterinary literature on this odd condition, so it seems time for me to tell you a bit about my understanding of gingival hyperplasia, what brings it about, why it is a. Management of druginduced gingival enlargement australian. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications.
Treatment of druginduced gingival overgrowth by full. Furthermore, causes of congenital gingival enlargement include hereditary and metabolic disorders, such the fetal valproate syndrome. Gingival o vergro wth is caused by three categories of drugs. Gingival hyperplasia pictures, causes, treatment, dogs. Trauma and injury to the mouth from falls or accidents occur in people with seizure disorders. Picture of oral health problems gingival hyperplasia. The surgical treatment is the definitive therapy of the druginduced gingival overgrowth, although the recurrence. Organ rejection additional readings organ transplant. The management of gingival hyperplasia on patient with orthodontic treatment hasanuddin thahir mansjur nasir deprtment of periodontic department of othodontic faculty of dentistry hasanuddin university, makassar recently the orthodontic treatment needs had increased with the increased of community incomes. The enlarged gums are often characterized by firmness and nonpainful swelling.
In severe form of gingival hyperplasia, surgery may be required to trim the overgrowth of gums. Clinical idiopathic gingival hyperplasia and section. Based on the characteristic clinical and histologic features, we conclude that this lesion is a distinct subtype of gingival hyperplasia. Extramedullary involvement of leukemia can occur in up to 40% of patients. A rare case report of amlodipineinduced gingival enlargement. Gingival hyperplasia there can be varying amounts of pigmentation reflecting the normal pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Calcium channel blockers nifedipine, amlodipine, etc. Jan 17, 2015 gingival overgrowth, gingival hyperplasia, gingival enlargement and gingival hypertrophy are terms that are used interchangeably and incorrectly in the literature.
Gingival enlargement is an unwanted adverse effect of some drugs such as. Emphasize to caregivers that traumas require immediate professional attention and explain the. It is being reported with three main groups of drugs like calcium channel blockers ccbs, immunosuppressants, and anticonvulsants. Gingivitis may improve with the following measures. Early diagnosis completely rules out the possibility of surgical intervention.
If it is drug induced gingival hyperplasia, withdrawal of offending drug or substituting the drug may effectively reduce the overgrowth of gums. They can be categorized based on their etiopathogenesis, location, size, extent, etc. It may present as a specific entity or as a part of syndrome. Gingival hyperplasia symptoms of hyperplasia, treatment. Management of druginduced gingival enlargement barbara anne taylor, department of periodontics, united dental hospital of sydney, sydney synopsis healthy gums are pale pink or pigmented, and wrap tightly around the neck of the teeth. Anticonvulsants, antihypertensive calcium antagonists, and immunosuppressant cyclosporine. The most common form of enlargement is due to plaque induced inflammation of the adjacent gingival tissues inflammatory hyperplasia and this tends to be associated most. Mar 22, 2016 my february column what to do when gums overgrow their boundaries discussed possible etiologies of gingival hyperplasia. Gingival enlargement may cause discomfort, interfere with speech or chewing, result in halitosis bad odour to the breath and it may look unsightly. The management of gingival hyperplasia on patient with.
One year later an alternative designation for this disease was suggested. Individualized treatment plan for gingival enlargement. In some cases, it will be safer for patients to undergo extensive treatment after transplant as the new organ improves their health. This new denomination was proposed as almost all the monitored lesions 94% displayed gingival overgrowth. Phenytoin is commonly prescribed for people with autism.
This article revises the existing knowledge of different types of enlargements and highlights some. Gingival hyperplasia can be a recurrent condition despite improvements in oral hygiene, professional treatment, and drug substitutions. Picture of gingival hyperplasia from phenytoin gingival hyperplasia from phenytoin is a condition that causes overgrowth of gum tissue. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6769 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. In such cases, overgrown gums may need to be surgically removed. Go through the following healthhearty article to get some information about the treatment, along with a brief idea of the underlying factors and identifiable symptoms. The initial treatment consists of gently removing all loose.
This condition is also known as gingival overgrowth, hypertrophic gingivitis or gingival hypertrophy. Practical oral care for people with cerebral palsy. A case report article pdf available in journal of orthodontics 301. This new denomination was proposed as almost all the monitored lesions 94% displayed gingival overgrowth as determined by clinical and histopathological features rather than a pure inflammatory process with minimal to no tissue swelling 2. Provide definition an overgrowth of the soft tissue of the gums, often seen in patients treated with phenytoin dilantin for seizure disorders. Often, this condition causes the gum to overgrow so severely that your dog may end. Willems katholieke universiteit leuven, leuven, belgium there are many reasons for gingival hyperplasia. Among calcium channel blockers, nifedipine causes gingival hyperplasia in. Several causes of gingival hyperplasia are known, and the most recognized is druginduced gingival enlargement. Treating patients with druginduced gingival overgrowth. The mechanism by which this medication causes this side effect is unknown, the gum tissue overgrowth occurs in almost everyone who takes phenytoin. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of various stimuli, and treatment is based on the underlying cause and pathologic changes. Gingival hyperplasia in acute leukemia stanford medicine 25.
However due to their varied presentations, the diagnosis of these entities becomes challenging for the clinician. The diagnosis of these lesions is essential for their successful management and of the patient as a whole. How to treat gingival hyperplasia veterinary practice news. Surgical management of gingival overgrowth pocket dentistry. Gingival hyperplasia can be simply defined as the overgrowth of the gums, medically termed as gingiva. It is the purpose of this article to describe a differential diagnosis for excess gingival display as well as recommendations for treatment.
Organ rejection additional readings organ transplant patient. Although previously described as juvenile spongiotic gingivitis, we propose the term. The term gingival overgrowth will be used for the remainder of this chapter. Since gingival overgrowth is a druginduced increase in extracellular matrix proteins, the treatment is based on discontinuing the offending medication if at preop view of the maxilla of a fiveyearold wheaton terrier with generalized idiopathic gingival hyperplasia. Left maxillary and mandibular views of an eightyearold. Gingival hyperplasia related body system vision respiratory lymphatic dental hearing digestive integumentary skin endocrine cardiovascular nervous musculoskeletal genitourinary blood what is it. Gingival hyperplasia in acute leukemia stanford medicine. Jul 09, 2014 the mainstay treatment for gingival hyperplasia depends on treating the underlying cause. Gingival enlargement or hypertrophy are the two other terms used to describe the condition. Recall a 5yearold male rhodesian ridgeback who was presented for evaluation of proliferative gingival enlargement and focal areas of gingival recession over most of the lateral surfaces of the maxillary canine teeth figure 1a. The mainstay treatment for gingival hyperplasia depends on treating the underlying cause. Gingival overgrowth, gingival hyperplasia, gingival enlargement and gingival hypertrophy are terms that are used interchangeably and incorrectly in the literature. Pregnancy induced gingival enlargementa case report t.
Gingival hyperplasia can affect a single tooth or all the teeth and although not inflammatory at first, can be affected by food debris and bacteria concentrating in the deep pockets or folds of the growing gum. Essential facts about gingival hyperplasia and how to. Gingival enlargement is the term used to describe medicationrelated gingival overgrowth or gingival hyperplasia, a condition commonly induced by three main classes of drugs. It is an unwanted side effect of certain systemic drugs given for nondental treatment. Gingival hyperplasia for a problem that is so common, there is really not very much in the veterinary literature on this odd condition, so it seems time for me to tell you a bit about my understanding of gingival hyperplasia, what brings it about, why it is a concern and how we manage it. The first intention treatment approach was personal and professional plaque. Gingival enlargement is a common finding in clinical practice and the appropriate treatment depends on correctly diagnosing the cause of the enlargement.
Druginduced gingival enlargement was first reported in. This new denomination was proposed as almost all the monitored lesions 94% displayed gingival overgrowth as determined by clinical and histopathological features rather than a pure inflammatory process with minimal to. This could be a manifestation a gum disease, a side effect of a medication or a sign of an underlying pathology. In clinical dentistry, patients frequently report with isolatedregional or generalized gingival enlargements, which could fall under varied presentations. A closely related term is epulis, denoting a localized. Mild to moderate signs of the condition can be treated by prescribed medications, following certain instructions of the dentist on diet and by adjusting some lifestyle related aspects. It presents as unusual fibrotic gingival enlargement of localized or generalized extent. However, if gum overgrowth is a product of medication or disease, doctors may recommend surgery. Gingival enlargement is a common clinical feature of gingival and periodontal diseases. One of the rarest sites of extramedullary involvement is the oral cavity, with only 5% or less of all patients with aml present with gum infiltration. Gingival hyperplasia in dogs symptoms, causes, diagnosis.
Gingival hyperplasia symptoms of hyperplasia, treatment of. Pregnancy induced gingival enlargementa case report. Gingival hyperplasia treatment, symptoms, causes, pictures. A case series shivanand aspalli, shirin a mulla, reetika gaddale and nagappa g department of periodontics and oral implantology, ames dental college and hospital, raichur, karnataka, india.
There are several types available, which will be discussed further down but two of the most important ones are the one induced by. There are several types available, which will be discussed further down but two of the most important ones are the one induced by different medication and the one. To come up with proper care and treatment, the root cause of the problem should be established. Gingival hyperplasia is a disease in which the gum tissues overgrow abnormally. These gingival overgrowths are usually treated by various modalities namely substitution of drugs, surgical, and nonsurgical treatment. Several factors should be considered before starting treatment. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. Treatment of druginduced gingival overgrowth by fullmouth. Jun 17, 20 druginduced gingival overgrowth is a common finding in the modern era.
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