Morphological characterization of capsicum annuum l. The following databases may contain further information on this name. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Seeds was brought to europe and capsicum annuum began to be planted extensively in portuguese colonies in africa, india and asia. It can be cooked into curries and can be used as seasoning. An uptodate summary of the karyotypic knowledge is presented, including.
Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus capsicum chillies or peppers and capsicums or bell peppers native to southern north america and northern south america. It is rich in beta carotene, capsaicin, and vitamins a and c, which are good for preventing a host of diseases, including liver disease and impotency. This document addresses the biology of the capsicum annuum complex chili peppers, hot peppers. Of the five domesticated pepper species, capsicum annuum l. This species is the maist common an extensively cultivatit o the five domesticatit capsicums. Peppers are important ingredients in the diets of several communities throughout the world. Introduced into most of the rest of the world in historic times. Originally from south and central america, their popularity continues to grow across the world due to their ease of cultivation, frequently sharp taste and attractive appearance. Informative article about the spice paprika, its botany, chemistry, history and crosscultural culinary usage. Currently, molecular data characterizing capsicum genetic diversity is limited. Capsicum annuum l a bewildering variety of colourful and spicy fruits make capsicum peppers instantly recognisable to both gardeners and chefs. Despite the ecological and socioeconomic importance of wild capsicum annuum l.
Capsicum chili peppers is a new world genus with five crop species of great economic importance for food and spices. Capsicum annuum by species hot pepper seeds products. Capsicum frutescens is a species of chili pepper that is sometimes considered to be part of the species capsicum annuum. Capsicum annuum, pepper, is a member of the solanaceae, the family which includes several other important vegetable plants such as potato and tomato. Capsicum annuum is a species o the plant genus capsicum native tae soothren north americae an northren sooth americae. The species encompasses a wide variety o shapes an sizes o peppers, baith mild an het, rangin frae bell peppers tae chili peppers. Capsaicinoids concentration in capsicum annuum var. The plants database includes the following 2 subspecies of capsicum annuum. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Capsicum annuum, commonly called red pepper, is an annual herbaceous plant grown in warmer parts of the world for its edible oblong fruit. Some people also use this product on their skin to help relieve pain and even some headaches. Capsaicinoid is phenolic pungent compounds that have been found mostly in capsicum fruits and contribute to 90% of pungency of pepper fruits. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capsicums.
Oct 31, 2018 capsicum peppers include many types of chilies and peppers. Mexico, as center of domestication and genetic diversity of c. Baseline study of morphometric traits of wild capsicum annuum. Mexican, or native chili has fruits about 3 inches by 1. These features are shown to be good taxonomic characters for delimiting the five varieties of capsicum annuum. Baswana2 1division of crop improvement, icar central tuber crops institute, thiruvananthapuram, kerala, india 2department of vegetable science, 3department of molecular biology and biotechnology. Sintesis del conocimiento taxonomico, origen y domesticacion del. Fruits can widely vary in color, shape, and size both between and within species therefore classification is difficult. This document addresses the biology of the capsicum annuum complex chili peppers. Research morphological characterization of capsicum annuum. Plants of this species are quite varied but generally grow in shrubby mounds to 14 tall and feature star to bellshaped white or yellow flowers and lanceshaped to oval medium green leaves.
Pdf the evolution of chili peppers capsicumsolanaceae. Species profile geography and distribution wild ancestors of capsicum annuum evolved in bolivia and southern brazil, probably long before human habitation. In the interest of the environment, this website was built with 100% recycled pixels. The plant list does not attempt to include all infraspecific taxa. It is generally green in color and its vertices are called sepals. Pdf the effect of different storage temperatures on the quality of. Research morphological characterization of capsicum annuum l. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Please click on any button to follow a link to that database. Their popularity continues to grow across the world due to their ease of cultivation, frequently sharp taste and attractive appearance. Capsicum annuum is a shortlived, evergreen perennial plant that is usually grown as an annual.
This species is widely grown throughout the world, but especially in warm temperate to tropical climates, for its edible fruit. Phytochemical evaluation of wild and cultivated pepper capsicum annuum l. Red pepper capsicum annuum consists of dried ripe fruits of c. Many cultivars are available, including bell peppers, sweet peppers and hot peppers. Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus capsicum native to southern north america. Capsicum annuum should not be confused with black pepper, piper nigrum, which belongs to a distantly related plant family piperaceae.
This document is hs645, one of a series of the horticultural. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic con stituents and evaluate the antioxidant activity of five pepper. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. This document is hs647, one of a series of the horticultural sciences department, ufifas extension. Flowers are white with a greenish white or greenish yellow corolla, and are either insect or selfpollinated. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. They are grown as annuals in most areas of the united states. Introduction belongs to family solanaceae originate from south and central america popular countries china, turkey, nigeria, mexico, spain, u. Its domestication in the new world coincides with the development of human culture and civilization. Pdf consensus document on the biology of the capsicum. Morphological, anatomical, cytological and phytochemical. Nov 30, 2019 capsicum annuum, commonly called red pepper, is an annual herbaceous plant grown in warmer parts of the world for its edible oblong fruit.
In the case of chili is a persistent calyx as it preserves with fruit. The objective of this study is to investigate the phytochemical contents of capsicum between capsicum. Capsicum annuum is a vegetable plant that produces ornamental and culinary fruit. Genus name comes from the greek word kapto meaning to bite. Research morphological characterization of capsicum. Do not permit seedlings or plants to suffer from low temperature or drought. Capsicum annuum plant finder missouri botanical garden. Plant capsicum annuum in fertile welldrained soil 45 to 60cm 1824 inch apart in rows 45 to 60cm 1824 inch apart. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Origin in mexico and central america, with spread by cultivation to south america.
Pdf phytochemical evaluation of wild and cultivated pepper. Capsicum annuum l variedad glabriusculum greenhouse. Pdf reports of the last decade show that some types of food and spices included in the human diet, such as pepper capsicum annuum l. Capsicum, chilli peppers, phylogeny, pungency, flowering features. Thus the objectives of the study is therefore aimed at considering.
The present study is set to investigate the micro and macromorphological, anatomical, cytological and phytochemical properties of capsicum annuum linn. Plants profile for capsicum annuum glabriusculum cayenne. Fruit morphology as taxonomic features in five varieties. Though we endeavour to ensure correctness, plant info, its owners and employees, cannot accept responsibility for any errors in information or any losses suffered due to the use of information on this site. The chili is the fruit of plants that belong to the genus capsicum, which is. From oaxaca, mexico araceli minerva veraguzman 1, jose luis chavezservia1, jose cruz carrillorodriguez2, and mercedes g.
Antioxidant potential of bell pepper capsicum annum l. Although grown in vegetable gardens for many years, peppers are becoming increasingly popular as ornamentals. The peduncle is, in botany, a little more or less long branch to which end is the flower. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili. According to archaeological finds, prehistoric cultures 1700 b. Capsicum annuum is the most widely cultivated chilli in the world, both commercial and private.
It varies in height according to variety, but is generally about 1 metre tall. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, o kablan tano and others published the effect of different. Characterization of capsicum annuum genetic diversity and. Pdf antioxidant potential of bell pepper capsicum annum. Consumption and cultivation of hot peppers is increasing due to the fact that it is now known to be rich more. Calyx or crown is the structural base of the flower. Pdf antioxidant potential of bell pepper capsicum annum l. Fruit morphology as taxonomic features in five varieties of. Capsicum annuum, the genus type species, is often grouped with c. The five variously domesticated species are capsicum annuum table 1.
Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the plants classification report. Common names include chiltepin, indian pepper, chiltepe, and chile tepin, as well as turkey, birds eye, or simply bird peppers. Capsicum plants are native to tropical areas and cannot survive in cold conditions. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Common names include chiltepin, indian pepper, chiltepe, and chile tepin, as well as turkey, birds eye, or simply bird peppers, due to their consumption and spread by wild birds. Plants profile for capsicum annuum glabriusculum cayenne pepper. Additional manual spectral matching was performed for selected.
Because this species crosses so easily, there are thousands of different varieties. Phytochemical contents of capsicum frutescens chili padi. In vitro androgenesis in capsicum capsicum annuum l. Shelf life extension of green chillies capsicum annuum l. The high diversity of chili pepper capsicum annuum l. Botanically, most cultivated peppers today are capsicum annuum most common, c. To enhance breeding programs, a detailed characterization of capsicum diversity including morphological, geographical and molecular data is required. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information.
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